Exchange Rate Nepal Rastra Bank

Exchange Rate Nepal Rastra BankNepal Rastra Bank Historical Exchange Rates For Omani Rial to Nepalese Rupee 120-day exchange rate history for OMR to NPR Quick Conversions from Omani Rial to Nepalese Rupee : 1 OMR = 340. Nepal’s government adopted this system of currency conversion in 1993. The National Bank has issued new instructions to commercial banks, development banks and finance. Foreign Exchange Rates - विदेशी विनिमय दर. As a result, the interbank interest rate has decreased by 1. Nepal Rastra Bank has issued new instructions on Monday. “Keeping the rate unchanged at 7 per cent, the existing bank rate has been reduced by 1 percentage point to 7. Nepal Rastra Bank नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंक Note: Under the present system the open market exchange rates quoted by different banks may differ. What is Nepal National Single Window How to Register to NNSW How to Login to NNSW How to Request for License, Permit,. At a time when the country’s economy has been undergoing economic recession, which is largely blamed for the high interest rates being charged by the banks, the NRB has reduced the bank rate. The Nepalese rupee was introduced in 1932 when it replaced the Nepalese mohar at the rate 2:1. ltd, 081532349: Nepal Rastra Bank, Nepalgunj Office: FCY Accept Only. Central Bank: Nepal Rastra bank Country: Nepal; About the Macanese pataca Name: Macanese pataca Symbol: MOP$ Minor unit: 1/10 Ho Countries: Nepalese rupees (NPR) and Macanese patacas (MOP) exchange rates with other main currencies. 92770 NPR Last Updated 3/28/2023 6:26:20 PM. 5 percent bank rate at present at the policy. com | Last updated a minute ago Country from Country to. The central bank made this decrement. Latest Nepali rupee exchange rates fixed by Nepal Rastra Bank. The exchange rate of Nepalese Rupees with Indian Currency is fixed by the Government of Nepal. The NRB has reduced the bank rate by 1 percentage point to 7. Everything You May Want To Know About Currency of Nepal. The NRB has reduced the bank rate by 1 percentage point to 7. 169 (USD/NPR) in Jan 2023, compared with 130. Nepal Exchange Rates 12-May-2023 Currency Unit Buying Selling U. Find the Nepal Rastra Bank Foreign Exchange Rate of USD, EUR, GBP, AUS, INR, etc. Nepal Foreign Exchange Rates Forex: Annual: Nepal Rupees to US Dollar: Buy 1966 - 2017 | Yearly | NPR/USD | Nepal Rastra Bank Forex: Annual: Nepal Rupees to US Dollar: Buy data was reported at 105. Foreign exchange rates as of Sunday, 07 May, 2023 10:00 AM (Baishakh-24, 2080) Currency Unit Cash Buy Document Buy Nepal Rastra Bank Smart Banking. The rates may change slightly anytime during the business hour without prior information. Get the Latest Foreign Exchange Rates for the Nepalese Rupee (NPR) in Nepal. The central bank made this decrement through the third trimester review of the monetary policy for Fiscal Year 2022/23. It allows users to obtain notification of any uploads and updates, provides access to latest exchange rates, notices, circulars and directives, as well as other information released by the bank. Nepal Foreign Exchange Rates Forex: Annual: Nepal Rupees to US Dollar: Buy 1966 - 2017 | Yearly | NPR/USD | Nepal Rastra Bank Forex: Annual: Nepal Rupees to US Dollar: Buy data was reported at 105. Now the loan interest rate change on a monthly basis by Nepal Rastra Bank's instructions American's Bank Interest rate has Increased but again banking crisis in USA Nepali economy Size is 53 trillion 81 billion and economic growth rate is 1. dollar, European euro, UK pound sterling, Swiss franc, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Singapore dollar, Japanese yen (10), Chinese renminbi (Yuan), Saudi Arabian riyal, Qatari riyal, Thai. Exchange Rates Filter 1 Us Dollar Buy (Below 50) 130. Foreign Exchange Rates – विदेशी विनिमय दर. The Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rate for today's date is listed below for several currencies including US Dollars, UK Pounds, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Japanese Yen, Singapore Dollar, UAE Dirham, Malaysian Ringgit, South Korean Won, among others. The official app of Nepal Rastra Bank (The Central Bank of Nepal). The website bears no liability for any financial loss due to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. NPR Exchange Rates Nepal Rastra Bank USD US Dollar Country United States of America Region North America Sub-Unit 1 Dollar = 100 cents Symbol US$ The U. Loan against the first class bank guarantee; Rastra Sewak Loan; Teachers Loan; Personal Loan; Exchange Rate of 12-May-2023 10:10 AM Currency Code Unit Buying (Cash below Deno 50) Buying (Cash 50 and above Deno) Rastriya Banijya Bank Limited Central Office Singhadurbar Plaza, Kathmandu Phone:+977-1-425-2595, Fax:. NPR Exchange Rates Nepal Rastra Bank CAD Canadian Dollar. 8259 May 8, 11:19:56 AM UTC · Disclaimer search Compare to EUR / NPR 143. np Phone: +977-01-4264016 (Office). Bank code A-Z 4 letters representing the bank. It allows users to obtain notification of any uploads and updates, provides access to latest exchange rates,. The National Bank has issued new instructions and has made new arrangements regarding the base rate and interest rate while disbursing loans. What is Nepal National Single Window How to Register to NNSW How to. Source: Nepal Rastra Bank. Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has fixed the exchange rate of one US dollar at Rs 126. Test environment List of Bank and Financial Institutions Downloads. 5 per cent, other rates under the interest rate corridor have been kept unchanged,” said the NRB. For the last one and a half months, banks have reduced the interest rate on deposits to around 9. What is Nepal National Single Window How to Register to NNSW How to Login to NNSW How to Request for License, Permit, Certificate & Others(LPCO) Home Rastra Bank Exchange Rate Date of validity PDF. Test environment List of Bank and Financial Institutions Downloads. The central bank has lowered the bank rate to 7. The new Nepal Rastra Bank Act 2002 which replaces the erstwhile Act has ensured operational autonomy and […] Skip to content. 2 Nepal Rastra Bank production, generating employment and promoting entrepreneurship with a goal of fostering economic activities and reviving the economy. This records a decrease from the previous number of 106. Foreign exchange rates as of Sunday, 07 May, 2023 10:00 AM Nepal Rastra Bank Smart Banking. Foreign Exchange Rate - नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंक Foreign Exchange Rates Home » Foreign Exchange Rate Showing Exchange Rate for May 13, 2023 Select Date: Go Fixed by Nepal Rastra Bank Open Market Exchange Rates (For the purpose of Nepal Rastra Bank) Foreign Exchange Graph Export Foreign Exchange Rates From: To: Export Format: Export. Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rate research The exchange rate spreads below are for ordering foreign currency online. Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) Exchange Rate is the list of exchange rates issued for today by Nepal Rastra bank, the central bank of Nepal on daily basis. Nepal Foreign Exchange (forex) data is provided by the Central Bank of Nepal - Nepal Rastra Bank. Test environment Log In Register EN Rastra Bank Exchange Rate Date of validity. Inflation rates, interest rates, export and import ratio, political scenario, government debt are some of the determinants of exchange rates. The exchange rate of Nepalese Rupees with Indian Currency is fixed by the Government of Nepal. KATHMANDU, July 22 (Reuters) - Nepal's central bank on Friday raised its benchmark policy rate at which it lends to commercial banks to 8. Country code A-Z 2 letters representing the country the bank is in. Current Macroeconomic and Financial Situation-Tables (Based on Nine Months data of 2022/23) New May 10, 2023 1. The policy is formulated taking into account the domestic as. The official app of Nepal Rastra Bank (The Central Bank of Nepal). The Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rate for today’s date is listed below for several currencies including US Dollars, UK Pounds, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Japanese Yen, Singapore Dollar, UAE Dirham, Malaysian Ringgit, South Korean Won, among others. Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) Exchange Rate is the list of exchange rates issued for today by Nepal Rastra bank, the central bank of Nepal on daily basis. Calculate the average exchange rate of foreign currencies in Nepalese Rupee (NPR) as per Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) rates. Live foreign currency exchange rates. Instant access to full history data in excel. KATHMANDU, May 12: Nepal Rastra Bank has reduced the bank rate by one percent, targeting to address the ongoing economic slowdown of the country. It usually looks like a shortened version of that bank's name. You can also request the exchange rate for previous dates from the form below. List of Bank and Financial Institutions Downloads. Source: Nepal Rastra Bank. 0800 1 Pound Sterling Buy (Below 50) 163. NRB, the central bank of Nepal, established in 1956 under the Nepal Rastra Bank Act 1955 is the monetary, regulatory and supervisory authority of banks and financial institutions. Welcome to the USD NPR history summary. Nepal's government adopted this system of currency conversion in 1993. 1 day ago · The central bank has lowered the bank rate to 7. Nepal National Single Window. Nepal Bank Limited (NBL) , the first bank of Nepal proudly holds the glory of marking the formal beginning of banking system in Nepal. Get the Latest Foreign Exchange Rates for the Nepalese Rupee (NPR) in Nepal. The inter-bank interest rate has decreased by 1. Nepal Rastra Bank, Birgunj Office: FCY Accept Only 2022-11-10: EXPIRED: 204 View hotel Siddhartha Pvt ltd. Nepal Rastra Bank नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंक Foreign Exchange Management Department. NIC Asia Bank publish realtime Forex Rate as per Nepal Rastra Bank. Nepal’s government adopted this system of currency conversion in 1993. The NRB is one of the principal owners of the Nepal Stock Exchange. It allows users to obtain notification of any uploads and updates, provides access to latest exchange rates,. Those exchange rate margins are indicative at the time of research. But as quoted by NRB itself that “Under the present system the open market exchange rates quoted by different banks may differ”. What is Nepal National Single Window How to Register to NNSW How to Login to NNSW How to Request for License, Permit, Certificate & Others(LPCO) Rastra Bank Exchange Rate Date of validity. The NRB has arranged to make the daily liquidity facility available at the bank rate of 8. 1000 1 Us Dollar Buy (Below 50) 130. The National Bank has issued new instructions and has made new arrangements regard American's Bank Interest rate has Increased but again banking crisis in USA. KATHMANDU, May 12: Bankers have declined to reduce their interest rates for the next month despite Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) making it mandatory for them to review the interest rates every month. The Nepal Exchange Rates for Today displayed on this website are indicative of Nepal Rastra Bank. Open Market Exchange Rates. 1 Rs = 100 paisa Symbol Rs *Pegged: 1 INR = 1. , 081551200: Nepal Rastra Bank, Nepalgunj Office: FCY Accept Only 2023-07-16: ACTIVE: 205 Kalpataru Hotel And Kaushiki Banquet Pvt. Himalal Paudyal Mobile: 9851322990 Email: himlal. United States Dollar to Nepalese Rupee Follow Share 130. The Bank has retained the policy rate, but has reduced the existing bank rate by a percentage. S Dollar, UK Pound Sterling, European Euro, UAE Dirham,. In today’s circumstances, the exchange rate of Nepalese Currency with Indian Currency is Rs 1. 160 by Nepal Rastra Bank. ) under Nepal Bank Act 1937. But as quoted by NRB itself that "Under the present system the open market exchange rates quoted by different banks may differ". In today’s circumstances, the exchange rate of Nepalese Currency with Indian Currency is Rs 1. Exchange Rate against USD by Country Comparison Buy Selected Data Includes Exchange Rate against USD on 114 economies standardised by CEIC. Nepal National Single Window. As a result, the interbank interest rate has decreased by 1. 160 by Nepal Rastra Bank. 5 per cent at the policy rate of 7 per cent from the half-yearly review. 1/100 Paisa Central Bank: Nepal Rastra bank Country: Nepal About the Macanese pataca Name: Macanese pataca Symbol: MOP$ Minor unit: 1/10 Ho Countries: Nepalese rupees (NPR) and Macanese patacas (MOP) exchange rates with other main currencies Source XE. You can also filter Foreign Exchange Rate by date. “Keeping the rate unchanged at 7 per cent, the existing bank rate has been reduced by 1 percentage point to 7. This is a record high for the American dollar. Forex Exchange Rate today for U. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions. [7] It is a member of the Asian. The National Bank has issued new instructions to commercial banks, development banks and finance. Exchange Rate against USD by Country Comparison Buy Selected Data Includes Exchange Rate against USD on 114 economies standardised by CEIC. The central bank has lowered the bank rate to 7. Rates on other services might differ. The data reached an all-time high of 106. Forex Exchange Rate today for U. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nepal – Table NP. Radio Nepal May 12, 2023. Since July 2021, Nepal has seen a decline in forex reserves due to the surging imports, declining inflows of remittance and meagre earnings from tourism and exports. Narayan Prasad Pokhrel; Office-Tel: +977-01-4411198 (Ext. eBanking (Personal Login) eBanking (Corporate Login). For the last one and a half months, banks have reduced the interest rate on deposits to around 9. At a time when the country’s economy has been undergoing economic recession, which is largely blamed for the high interest rates being charged by. Find the Nepal Rastra Bank Foreign Exchange Rate of USD, EUR, GBP, AUS, INR, etc. 78 mb Current Macroeconomic and Financial Situation-English (Based on Nine Months. This is the US Dollar (USD) to Nepalese Rupee (NPR) exchange rate history summary page, detailing 180 days of USD NPR historical data from Sunday 13/11/2022 to Wednesday 10/05/2023 Highest: 132. The Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rate for today’s date is listed below for several currencies including US Dollars, UK Pounds, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Japanese Yen, Singapore Dollar, UAE Dirham, Malaysian Ringgit, South Korean Won, among others. Nepal Foreign Exchange (forex) data is provided by the Central Bank of Nepal - Nepal Rastra Bank. Rastriya Banijya Bank Limited Central Office Singhadurbar Plaza, Kathmandu Phone:+977-1-425-2595, Fax:+977-1-425-2931 Email: rbb. Currency Unit Buy Sell; usd (U. KATHMANDU, March 8: The Nepali currency on Tuesday plunged to a record low against the US dollar with Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) fixing the exchange rate at Rs 123. Nepal Exchange Rate against USD averaged 132. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Nepal Rastra Bank, the central bank of Nepal. 99 percent from above 11 percent per annum. NBA decides not to alter interest rates next month - myRepublica - The New York Times Partner, Latest news of Nepal in English, Latest News Articles. Himalal Paudyal Mobile: 9851322990 Email: himlal. 982 USD/NPR in the previous month. Nepal Bank Limited was. Nepali foreign exchange rates for today is available for Indian Rupee, U. List of Bank and Financial Institutions Downloads. Exchange rate for Indian Rupee is fixed to be NRs. 141) Mob: +977-9851091729; Email: pokhrelnp@nrb. What is Nepal National Single Window Rastra Bank Exchange Rate Date of. (For the purpose of Nepal Rastra Bank) Note: Under the present system the open market exchange rates quoted by different banks may differ. The official app of Nepal Rastra Bank (The Central Bank of Nepal). 5 per cent at the policy rate of 7 per cent from the half-yearly review. Loan against the first class bank guarantee; Rastra Sewak Loan; Teachers. Nepali Exchange Rates Today for U. Welcome to the official website of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). Find the latest and most accurate foreign currency exchange rates in Nepal. Unveiling the third quarter review of the monetary policy 2022/23, the NRB took a soft policy to reduce the market interest rates and to increase money supply. 790 NPR/USD in 2016 and a record low of 7. The Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rate for today’s date is listed below for several currencies including US Dollars, UK Pounds, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar,. Unveiling the third quarter review of the monetary policy 2022/23, the NRB took a soft policy to reduce the market interest rates and to increase money supply. Exchange rate for Indian Rupee is fixed to be NRs. The Bank has retained the policy rate, but has reduced the existing bank rate by a percentage point to 7. M004: Foreign Exchange Rates. The rates may change slightly anytime during the business hour without prior information. Nepal rastra bank provides daily Nepal exchange rates of foreign currencies. Since July 2021, Nepal has seen a decline in forex reserves due to the surging imports, declining inflows of remittance and meagre earnings from tourism and exports. the Official Site of the Central Bank of Nepal. Earlier in April 2020, the US dollar appreciated at its highest level against the Nepali currency at Rs 121. The value of Nepali currency is very low in the world scenario and different factors are responsible for this. Radio Nepal May 12, 2023. (2) The Nepal Rastra Bank established under the Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2012 (1955) shall be deemed to have been established under this Act. Find the Nepal Rastra Bank Foreign Exchange Rate of USD, EUR, GBP, AUS, INR, etc. 6015: 2: USD (US Dollar) 1: 131. S Dollar, European Euro, UK Pound Sterling, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dolla, Swiss Franc, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, Saudi Arabian Riyal, Singapore Dollar, Qatari Riyal, Thai Baht, UAE Dirham, Malaysian Ringgit, Bahrain Dinar, Kuwaity Dina, Hong Kong Dollar, Swedish Kroner. Rastriya Banijya Bank Limited Central Office Singhadurbar Plaza, Kathmandu Phone:+977-1-425-2595, Fax:+977-1-425-2931 Email: rbb. Nepal Foreign Exchange Rates. Nepali exchange rates for today availabe for US Dollar, European Euro, UK Pound Sterling, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dolla, Swiss Franc, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, Saudi Arabian Riyal, Singapore Dollar, Qatari Riyal, Thai Baht, UAE Dirham, Malaysian Ringgit, Bahrain Dinar, Kuwaity Dina, Hong Kong Dollar, Swedish Kroner, South Korean Won, Danis. The exchange rate of Nepalese Rupees with Indian Currency is fixed by the Government of Nepal. Its value was pegged to the Indian rupee in 1993 at a rate of 1. A meeting of Nepal Bankers’ Association (NBA) held on Thursday decided not to revise the interest rates. The provision of providing daily liquidity facilities at the policy rate has been continued, said the NRB. Welcome to the USD NPR history summary. 6 NPR The rupee was introduced in 1932, replacing the silver mohar. The Nepal Exchange Rates for Today displayed on this website are indicative of Nepal Rastra Bank. Its value was pegged to the Indian rupee in 1993 at a rate of 1. MAIN NAVIGATION; Foreign Exchange Rates; Nepal Rastra Bank; SN Currency Unit Buying Selling; 1: INR (Indian Rupee) 1: 1. NPR MOP USD EUR GBP CAD NZD MRO;. (3) The Bank shall be an autonomous and corporate body with perpetual succession. Everything You May Want To Know About Currency of Nepal. the Official Site of the Central Bank of Nepal Skip to content Skip to content. Nepal Rastra Bank has issued new instructions on Monday. Initially, the rupee was called the mohru in Nepalese. What is Nepal National Single Window How to Register to NNSW How to Login to NNSW How to Request for License, Permit, Certificate & Others(LPCO) Rastra Bank Exchange Rate Date of validity. The Nepal Exchange Rates for Today displayed on this website are indicative of Nepal Rastra Bank. Live foreign currency exchange rates. Nepali foreign exchange rates for today is available for Indian Rupee, U. Nepal Rastra Bank, Birgunj Office: FCY Accept Only 2022-11-10: EXPIRED: 204 View hotel Siddhartha Pvt ltd. KATHMANDU, May 12: Bankers have declined to reduce their interest rates for the next month despite Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) making it mandatory for them to review the interest rates every month. Nepal Bank Limited was established as FIRST bank of Nepal on Kartik 30, 1994 (November 15, 1937 A. Source: Nepal Rastra Bank. NIC Asia Bank publish realtime Forex Rate as per Nepal Rastra Bank. The inter-bank interest rate has decreased by 1. You can also filter Foreign Exchange Rate by date. The central bank made this decrement through the third trimester review of the monetary policy for Fiscal Year 2022/23. 5 percentage points as NRB has made provision for providing the daily liquidity facility which it has been making available at 8. NEPAL RASTRA BANK SWIFT Code Details A SWIFT/BIC is an 8-11 character code that identifies your country, city, bank, and branch. 5 per cent, other rates under the interest rate corridor have been kept unchanged,” said the NRB. Nepali economy Size is 53 trillion 81 billion and economic growth rate is 1. Latest Nepali rupee exchange rates fixed by Nepal Rastra Bank. May 12, 2023. The provision of providing daily liquidity facilities at the policy rate has been continued, said the NRB. Nepal Rastra Bank exchange rate research The exchange rate spreads below are for ordering foreign currency online. NPR Exchange Rates Nepal Rastra Bank USD US Dollar Country United States of America Region North America Sub-Unit 1 Dollar = 100 cents Symbol US$ The U. KATHMANDU, July 22 (Reuters) - Nepal's central bank on Friday raised its benchmark policy rate at which it lends to commercial banks to 8. The website bears no liability for any financial loss due to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. It allows users to obtain notification of any uploads and updates, provides access to latest exchange rates, notices, circulars and. In today’s circumstances, the exchange rate of Nepalese Currency with Indian. 5% from 7%, as part of efforts to tame inflation. Nepal Bank Limited (NBL) , the first bank of Nepal proudly holds the glory of marking the formal beginning of banking system in Nepal. 6 Nepalese rupees = 1 Indian rupee. Manage foreign exchange reserve and to determine the system of foreign exchange rate, Issue license, regulate, inspect and supervise the institutions wishing to transact in foreign exchange, Nepal Rastra. :8368, SWIFT Code: RBBANPKA Email: intlbkng@rbb. The banks lowered the interest rates after they were unable to attract borrowers due to the prevailing high interest rates. 1000 1 Pound Sterling Buy (Below 50) 163. Nepal Rastra Bank has issued new instructions on Monday. Nepal Rastra Bank नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंक Foreign Exchange Rates Last updated on May 11, 2023 Currency Buy Sell; USD. Kathmandu: Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has reduced the bank rate by a percentage point. In today's circumstances, the exchange rate of Nepalese Currency with Indian Currency is Rs 1. Welcome to the official website of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). The website bears no liability for any financial loss due to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. Exchange rate of Wednesday, May 10, 2023 13:34. Nepal Rastra Bank also oversees foreign exchange rates and the country's foreign exchange reserves. Foreign exchange rates as of Sunday, 07 May, 2023 10:00 AM Nepal Rastra Bank Smart Banking. The inter-bank interest rate has decreased by 1. Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) Exchange Rate is the list of exchange rates issued for today by Nepal Rastra bank, the central bank of Nepal on daily basis. The National Bank has issued new instructions and has made new arrangements regarding the base rate and interest rate while disbursing loans. Nepal Exchange Rate against USD averaged 132. 5 percent bank rate at present at the policy-wise rate at 7 percent from the half-yearly review. Enjoy your first transfer for free on transfers up to £500. Kathmandu: Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has reduced the bank rate by a percentage point. Monetary policy for 2020/21 has been formulated following the mandate of the Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2002. 1 day ago · KATHMANDU, May 12: Nepal Rastra Bank has reduced the bank rate by one percent, targeting to address the ongoing economic slowdown of the country. Foreign Exchange Rates – विदेशी विनिमय दर The Nepalese Rupee (NPR) is the currency of Nepal. Nepal National Single Window. Calculate the average exchange rate of foreign currencies in Nepalese Rupee (NPR) as per Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) rates. established in the name as NEPAL RASTRA BANK in order to carry out the functions of Central Bank. The NRB has arranged to make the daily liquidity facility available at the bank rate of 8. See the table below for more data. KATHMANDU, March 8: The Nepali currency on Tuesday plunged to a record low against the US dollar with Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) fixing the exchange rate at Rs 123. Forex: Annual: Nepal Rupees to US Dollar: Sell data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Nepal Rastra Bank. Rates on other services might differ. The NRB has reduced the bank rate by 1 percentage point to 7.